Lesi Radioopak pada rahang

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Lesi Radioopak pada rahang

 

  • Diagnosa lesi Radioopak

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    1. Gambaran anatomi normal
    • Pemadatan tulang. Ex : Dense Bone Island
    • Penonjolan tulang : linea obique externa, os hyoid
    • Tulang lain seperti zygoma, spina nasalis anterior
    • Struktur lain. Ex: Kartilago nasal, palatum lunak
    1. Artefak
    • ghost earring shadow
    • Cipratan fixer
    • Goresan pada intensifyng screen
    1. Patologis
    • Abnormalitas gigi
    • Kondisi yang mempengaruhi tulang
    • Superimpose kalsifikasi jaringan lunak
    • Benda asing

Mengklasifikasikan lesi

Klasifikasi Lesi Radio opak yang umum terjadi di rahang

  • Gigi Impaksi & Supernumerari

    A. Impaksi 3.8 dan 4.8 B. mesiodens

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  • Hipersementosis

    • kelebihan sementum mengelilingi apikal akar.
    • Menghasilkan perubahan outline akar

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  • Odontoma

    • Location.

      62% occur in the anterior maxilla in association with the crown of an unerupted canine. 70% of complex odontomas are found in the mandibular first and second molar area.

    • Periphery.

      The borders of odontomas are well defined and may be smooth or irregular.

    • Internal Structure.

      The contents of these lesions are largely radiopaque

    • Jenis

      • Complex Odontoma

        Complex odontomas contain an irregular mass of calcified tissue

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      • Compound odontoma

        Compound odontomas have a number of toothlike structures or denticles that look like deformed teeth

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      • Dilated Odontoma

        jaringan kalsifikasi tunggal dengan bagian central yang lebih radioopak menyerupai donat

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  • Sclerosing Osteitis / Condensing Osteitis

    • Features

      • It is an unusual reaction of bone to a mild bacterial infection entering the bone through a carious tooth in persons who have a high degree of tissue resistance.
      • Instead of destruction proliferation of bone takes place.
      • The sclerosing bone is not attached to the tooth and remains after the extraction of the tooth.
      • No surgical removal is needed.
    • RO

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  • Osteomyelitis

    Inflamasi pada tulang

    • Ciri khas🡪 terdapat squestra

    • Location

      common posterior body of the mandible. The maxilla is a rare site.

    • Periphery

      • Acute osteomyelitis most often presents an ill-defined.
    • Internal Structure

      • slight decrease in the density of the involved bone, with a loss of sharpness of the existing trabeculae.
      • Osteomyelitis akut 🡪 Proliferatif periostitis 🡪 gambaran UNION SKIN
    • RO

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  • Eksostosis

    merupakan kelebihan dari tulang yang tidak tetap dan kadangkala tumbuh dipermukaan tulang alveolarterdiri dari tulang kompak 🡪 gambaran radioopak yang tidak jelas

    • Torus mandibula

      bagian lingual mandibula regio premolar atau molar

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    • Torus palatinal

      pada kedua sisi median line ke arah bagian posterior dari palatum keras

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TUMOR

  • DENSE BONE ISLAND (DBI)

    • Lokasi : Mandibula>>
    • Tepi : Well defined
    • Internal structure : Radioopak

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  • Ameloblastoma

    • Aggressive neoplasma

      tumor ganas:

      • tidak punya pembungkus bisa metastase
      • merusak korteks
    • Lokasi : 80% terjadi di mandibula

    • Tepi : well defined, cortical border

    • Internal structure : totally

    • radiolucent to mixed with the presence of bony septa 🡪 soap bubble/ honey comb

    • Efek jar sekitar : resopsi akar

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  • Calcifying ephitelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) / Pindborg tumor

    • Klinis
      • Usia : 30-50 tahun sampai dewasa tua
      • Frekuensi : jarang
    • RO
      • Lokasi : Regio premolar atau molar rahang bawah
      • Ukuran : Diameter 1-3 cm
      • Bentuk : - monolokuler / multilokuler , Biasanya bulat
      • Sering berhubungan dengan gigi yang belum erupsi
      • Kortikasi yang bervariasi
      • Radiodensity: - Radiolusen pada tahap awal kemudian bercak-bercak radiopak menjadi jelas dan disekeliling mahkota yang belum erupsi terlihat jelas
      • Penampakan ini dinamai ‘driven snow’
      • Efek : Gigi tetangganya kadang-kadang berubah tempat, kadang-kadang teresorpsi, ekspansi dari tulang kortikal

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  • Ameloblastic Fibroma

    • Tumor Odontogen
    • terdiri dari email ,dentin, multiple, radiopak kecil, atau seperti massa yang padat
    • Location. Most cases occur in the posterior aspect of the mandible
    • Periphery. This tumor is usually well defined and sometimes corticated.
    • Internal Structure. The internal structure is mixed

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  • Ameloblastik Fibro-Odontoma

    Tumor, sama seperti ameloblastik fibroma, tetapi terdapat scattered collections of enamel and dentin

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  • Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT)

    • Location. At least 75% of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors occur in the maxilla
    • Periphery. The usual radiographic appearance is a well-defi ned corticated or sclerotic border
    • Internal Structure. may be completely radiolucent
    • Effects on Surrounding Structures. As the tumor enlarges, adjacent teeth are displaced

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  • Calsifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst)

    • Tampak seperti kista

    • oleh WHO diklasifikasikan sebagai tumor odontogenik

    • Usia : Bervariasi, tapi biasanya dewasa > 40 tahun Frekuensi : Jarang

    • Lokasi : biasanya mandibula (70%)—anterior atau regio premolar, kadang–kadang berhubungan dengan odontoma atau gigi yang belum erupsi.

    • Ukuran : Biasanya kecil, diameter 1-3 cm, tapi bisa menjadi sangat besar meliputi sebagian besar mandibula

    • Bentuk : bervariasi , tapi biasanya monolokuler

    • Outline :- Halus, tegas

    • RO

      A. Calsifying odontogenic cyst (ditunjuk tanda panah) pada mandibula dengan area yang nyata dari kalsifikasi interna.

      B. Periapikal menunjukan calsifying odontogenic cyst (ditunjuk tanda panah) pada anterior maksila . Gigi insisif sentral belum erupsi dan terdapat kalsifikasi internal dari gigi.

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  • Osteoma

    • Lokasi : mandibula>>
    • Periphery : Osteomas have well-defined borders.
    • Internal Structure: uniformly radiopaque
    • Effects on Surrounding Structures : displace adjacent soft tissues, such as muscles, and cause dysfunction.

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    • Osteoma dengan Gardner syndrome

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  • Osteosarkoma

    • Neoplasma maligna
    • Lokasi : maxila>>mandibula
    • Periphery and Shape : ill-defined border
    • Internal Structure : entirely radiolucent, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque, or quite radiopaque
    • Terdapat Sunray appearrance/ sunray spicules

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  • Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (POD)

    • Klinis
      • Usia : dewasa usia pertengahan (umumnya wanita kulit hitam)
      • Frekuensi : jarang
    • RO
      • Lokasi : beberapa pada gigi insisif bawah
      • Ukuran : kecil, biasanya diameter hanya 5-6 mm
      • Bentuk : - Bulat, monolocular
      • Sering multiple
      • Outline : - Bervariasi dan sulit dikenali
      • Tidak terkortikasi
      • Radiodensitas : - Tahap awal : radiolusen
      • Tahap intermediet : radiolusen dengan opaksitas tidak sempurna didalam radiolusen
    • Stage
      • Stage 1

        • Early stage
        • Radiolusesnsi pada apex

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      • Stage 2

        Periapikal menunjukkan tahap lanjut dari periapikal cemento-osseous dysplasia.

        Stage 2

        • Mix Stage, Jaringan radioopak muncul pada struktur radiolusen

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      • Stage 3

        • Mature Stage ,
        • Tampak radioopak penuh, terdapat lapisan radiolusen tipis

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  • Cementoblastoma (true cementoma)

    • Slow growing neoplasma
    • Tumor berbentuk bulbous
    • Lokasi : Mandibula, P atau M
    • Internal Structure : Radioopak
    • Effects on Surrounding Structures: Resopsi

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  • Radioopak Salivary Calculi

    • Sialolith
    • Deposisi kalsium pada kel liur / salivary stones
    • Clinical Features : common in the submandibular glands

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  • Phleboliths

    • Merupakan intravaskular trombi
    • Mineralisasi calcium carbonate–fluorohydroxyapatite pada vena, venula
    • Location : Found In hemangiomas
    • Periphery and shape : oval/round
    • Internal structure : radioopak

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  • FOREIGN BODY / Benda asing

    • Sisa Amalgam

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    • Canal sealant

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    • vascular clips (arrowed) and bone plate (open arrows)

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