Radiografi Panoramik

shape image

Radiografi Panoramik

  • Macam Radiografi *

    • Periapikal

      liat lantai dasar dan hubungan dengan gigi posterior rahang atas

    • Standard occipitomental (0° OM)

      This projection shows the facial skeleton and maxillary antra, and avoids superimposition of the dense bones of the base of the skull.

      • main indication
        • Detecting the following middle third facial fractures (see Ch. 29):

          – Le Fort I

          – Le Fort II

          – Le Fort III

          – Zygomatic complex

          – Naso-ethmoidal complex

          – Orbital blow-out

        • Coronoid process fractures

        • Investigation of the maxillary antra (see Ch. 31)

        • Investigation of the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses

        • Investigation of the sphenoidal sinus (projection needs to be taken with the patient’s mouth open).

      https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/36860a65-5b45-44ec-9702-289cde77e481/Untitled.png

      https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/49adcb6e-31e4-43df-ae95-06ae6b5b3503/Untitled.png

      https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/5b58275d-b539-47d4-81ef-290418f752ce/Untitled.png

    • Tomografi rongga utama

      dasar atap dinding, posterior lateral medial dua sisi

    • True lateral skull

      cephalometri kuwi loo

    • CT scan

      rongga utama atap dan dasar, semua dinding, struktur sekeliling, dua sisi jaringan keras dan lunak

      https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/a02cd4c6-2f5d-4548-87f9-2f62b4914ac9/Untitled.png

  • Panoramic Imaging/ Pantomography

    • Merupakan suatu teknik produksi gambaran struktur facial yang mencangkup maxilla, mandibula, gigi geligi dan jaringan pendukungnya
    • Sumber X-ray dan image receptor berputar mengelilingi kepala pasien

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/73cf0a65-666c-4a35-88bb-4fe952d354c1/Untitled.png

  • Indikasi Radiograf Panoramik

    • Evaluasi dentition secara keseluruhan
    • Pengukuran patologi intraosseus seperti kista, tumor dan infeksi
    • Evaluasi TMJ
    • Evaluasi posisi gigi Impaksi
    • Evaluasi erupsi gigi permanen
    • Trauma Dentomaxillofacial
    • Kelainan Perkembangan maxilofacial
  • Kelebihan Panoramik dibanding full mouth series

    • Mencangkup tulang dan gigi yang lebih luas
    • Dosis Radiasi lebih rendah
    • Teknik radiografi lebih mudah
    • Dapat digunakan pada pasien trismus atau pada pasien yang tidak dapat dilakukan radiograf intraoral
    • Teknik Radiograf cepat dan mudah
    • Sangat berguna untuk edukasi perawatan pasien dan presentasi kasus
  • Kekurangan

    • Resolusi gambar rendah, tidak detail seperti radiograf periapikal
    • Sering terjadi magnifikasi gambar
    • Terjadi gambar yang superimpose, double, ghost image yang memerlukan kehati-hatian
    • Membutuhkan posisi pasien yang akurat dan tepat ketika exposureuntuk menghindari error dan artefak
    • Sulit menggambarkan kedua rahang pada pasien yang memiliki kelainan maxillomandibula
  • Equipment

    • X-Ray Tube Head àfan shaped x ray, sudut 8 0
    • Control Panel
    • Patient-positioning apparatus : imobilasi dagu, kepala, lightbeam marker
    • Image Receptor
  • X-Ray Tube Head →fan shaped x ray

    • X : Sumber xray (fan)
    • F : Film
    • D : Focal trough

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/d4b77698-4fea-45f1-ae6c-723012e45900/Untitled.png

  • Control Panel

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/4bf69cac-4b23-493b-9d6f-c9baf3b18c19/Untitled.png

  • Teknik dan posisi Pasien

    Persiapan Pasien

    1. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk melepas anting, perhiasan, jepit rambut, kaca mata, denture /alat orto
    2. Menjelaskan prosedur dan pergerakan alat kepada pasien
  • Persiapan Alat

    1. Kaset yang berisi phospor plate dimasukkan ke posisi sensor
    2. Operator memakai sarung tangan
    3. Mengatur kolimasi pada ukuran yang tepat
    4. Mengatur kVp dan mA, umumnya 70-90 kV dan 4-12 mA
  • Pemposisian Pasien

    1.Pasien diposisikan berdiri ke dalam unit panoramik dengan tulang punggung lurus, dan memegang handle panoramik

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/501dd649-ee14-44b4-98ea-0103571a3835/Untitled.png

    1. Pasien diinstruksikan untuk menggigit bite peg pada gigi insisif RA dan RB dengan dagu bertumpu pada chin support/ penyangga dagu

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/3d4ac810-1199-4c38-9bd8-5204ccdd4d8c/Untitled.png

    1. Imobilisasi kepala pasien

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/47b5920c-d660-4844-b515-c549d191ce19/Untitled.png

    1. Light beam diarahkan pada : -Mid sagittal wajah -Garis frankfurt
    • Diantara caninus RA RB

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/cfaaa430-f989-4721-a1fe-c7a192484718/Untitled.png

    1. Pasien diinstruksikan menutup mulut dan mata, menekan lidah sampai menyentuh palatum keras dan tidak boleh bergerak selama exposure (15-18 detik)

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/311d21ad-54e2-479c-9664-c1ae246244dc/Untitled.png

    • Panoramik tidak cocok untuk pasien di bawah 5 tahun
    • Pasien diharuskan memakai apron

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/003ac833-c682-44ab-b2e4-ec7a130c3b0d/Untitled.png

Landmark

  • Landmark

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/19b2e554-8f8b-432a-bbc2-12dc428f8d1a/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/65de95e9-7242-4d8c-97d7-4d015ad474aa/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/f36ddd7e-2866-4127-b50c-d6d483256c83/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/1949f143-aebe-45e4-bc83-524bbf3c6549/Untitled.png

  • Shadow artifact

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/ede3d635-a511-4342-a506-5d4715c524be/Untitled.png

  • Four antomical planes -positioning patients

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/e28a30f7-844e-458a-968c-a07a9f065e18/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/60c9e04d-8bd5-4446-b1f9-965fd00f1395/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/2bb6fb24-5288-400b-aa36-6c0ebcbac054/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/3e4e93ee-7aee-4ecd-93f1-46a40d387f94/Untitled.png

  • Evaluasi Mutu

    Evaluasi mutu

    • Obyek tercakup è Gigi RA RB, maxilla mandibula tampak • Kontras, detil, ketajaman baik • TMJ s/d tepi mandibula terlihat jelas • Simetris, sudut mandibula kiri kanan sama jelas • Septum nasal dan palatum durum jelas • Gigi anterior dan posterior proporsional dan sama jelas • Tidak ada ghost image dari cervical vertebrae atau denture,anting dan perhiasan lain • RA & RB tidak oklusi • Palatum keras tampak di atas apikal gigi RA • RB tidak datar dan tidak terlalu lengkung
  • Ideal Panoramic Radiograph

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/7ae2db8e-fef8-433f-b6c9-fe66087e7ebd/Untitled.png

kesalahan

  • terlalu gigit kedepan

    • gigi anterior blur dan mengecil
    • spine superimposed dengan condyle

    → banyak di orang edentulous ( gapunya gigi)

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/103d74f9-4aa6-4fcc-b695-60179a5eedf5/Untitled.png

    1.Anterior teeth are blurred and minimized. 2.Spine is superimposed over condyles,

    This is a common error with edentulous patients because they have no teeth to bite on the pin. Use edentulous bite block for edentulous patients. Ask patient not to bite too far forward and align canine beam exactly.

  • terlalu gigit kebelakang

    • gigi anterior diperbesar dan gajelas
    • white out karena ghost image cervical spine ditengah dan mandibula burnout

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/bf9c6269-b68d-4ccf-92ba-5900d91f4bd8/Untitled.png

    1.Anterior teeth are magnified and unclear 2.White out caused by ghost image of cervical spine in the middle and mandible burn out.

    Ask patient not to bite too far backward and align canine beam exactly.

  • Patient’s head tipped downwards (Chin-down)

    • upward curvature occlusal plane
    • mandibula anterior distorsi dan blur
    • mandibula keluar dari focal

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/8cee060f-4f51-45cd-a1fb-20c6cc890a72/Untitled.png

    1.Upward curvature of occlusal plane. 2.Anterior mandible is distorted and blurred. 3.Mandible is out of focal through.

    Up chin rest and align canine beam exactly.

  • Patient’s head tipped upwards (Chin-up)

    1.Occlusal plane flattened. 2.Anterior part is blurred. 3.Shadow of the Palate is more prominent.

    Down chin rest and align canine beam exactly.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/368f49d2-ca96-4fb5-8c8d-54d0d0816731/Untitled.png

  • Patient’s head tilted

    rasio perbesaran kanan kiri beda

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/f9dee84e-61f3-44f9-ad04-fb3343109e09/Untitled.png

    1.Magnification ratio of right and left side looks different.

    Patient’s head tilted up on one side. Adjust mid sagittal beam correctly.

  • Patient’s head rotated

    1.Patient’s left side is enlarged compared to right.

    The patient’s head was rotated towards the one side. Adjust mid sagittal beam correctly.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/892aa4c7-c7fa-45c6-8127-e5538a06d3ff/Untitled.png

  • Patient’s tongue dropped from palate

    1.Large airway shadow directly over the roots of the maxillary teeth

    Patient’s tongue is not being placed on the hard palate during the exposure.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/70b45111-f909-4048-ab0d-8adaa5bdb144/Untitled.png

  • Patient’s head projected

    1.White tapered opacity in middle of image. It is the effect of the spine on the anterior of the image with slumping of the patient. Ask patient’s head to be straightened.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/c9b18b87-142c-4e99-a48d-dd1c331b325a/Untitled.png

  • Patient’s movement

    1.Portions of radiograph are blurred.

    The patient moves during an exposure. Instruct the patient to remain still.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/2edcf3a2-8552-4f14-b489-fe368be49a11/Untitled.png

    The solid opaque line was caused by releasing the exposure button momentarily during exposure.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/dc6929e9-8334-4fa9-a082-d978ee00eb3e/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/6f5f6b24-80fc-41dc-9db2-78ed57337ea1/Untitled.png

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/9a57ce0e-1baa-4b46-8cd1-7180fa42de85/Untitled.png

  • Lead apron artifact

    1.Wedge-shaped artifact that also obscures diagnostic information associated with the mandible

    The apron shall not be placed too high up the patient’s back prior to exposure.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/de8613a8-352b-4b2b-b6ce-0690d7b4471f/Untitled.png

  • Too bright image

    1.Image is too bright

    Under-exposed. Increase kVp and mA.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/9cdb83e5-4cb6-4799-a671-a1cc609bdd11/Untitled.png

  • Too dark image

    1.Image is too dark

    Over-exposed. Decrease kVp and mA.

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/c9293041-0788-424b-9b8f-bc44def3f597/Untitled.png

  • Ghost images due to the earrings

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/f5d6e684-8237-46c5-8885-15709c6ee722/Untitled.png

  • Benda2

    https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/secure.notion-static.com/eb02f07e-5fe7-4710-b67c-e9333251eb9c/Untitled.png

    The numerous pieces of metal seen in this radiograph are located between the center of rotation and the film throughout the exposure; therefore, they are not susceptible to ghosting.Note ghosting of the “R” and “L.”

  • Interpretasi Impaksi

    • hubungan antara ramus mandibular dan distal molar kedua bawah.

      Kelas I: Ruangan yang tersedia cukup untuk ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi molar ketiga bawah antara ramus mandibula dan permukaan distal gigi molar kedua bawah. Kelas II : Ruangan antara permukaan distal gigi molar kedua bawah dan ramus mandibula lebih kecil dari ukuran mesiodistal mahkota gigi molar ketiga bawah. Kelas III : Seluruh atau sebagian besar molar tiga berada dalam ramus mandibular.

    • kedalaman relatif dalam hubungan terhadap garis servikal molar kedua rahang bawah.

      Posisi A : Bagian tertinggi gigi molar tiga berada setinggi garis oklusal. Posisi B : Bagian tertinggi gigi molar tiga berada di bawah garis oklusal tapi masih lebih tinggi daripada garis servikal molar dua. Posisi C: Bagian tertinggi gigi molar tiga berada di bawah garis servikal molar dua

Post a Comment

© Copyright 2019 DENTSIVE: materi dan soal kedokteran gigi

Form WhatsApp

This order requires the WhatsApp application.

Order now